Gender disparities and psychological distress among humanitarian migrants in Australia: a moderating role of migration pathway?

Table 2 OLS regression model of psychological distress (weighted)

	Model I	Model II	Model III	Model IV
	β	β	β	β
Gender
Female	1.06***	1.03***	0.87**	2.34***
Male (ref.)
Migration Pathway
Refugee		0.31	0.56	1.08**
Asylum Seeker (ref.)
Female*Refugee				−1.77**
Place of Birth
MENA (exc. Iran and Iraq)	2.35***	2.50***	2.20***	2.01***
Iran	3.05***	3.11***	2.17***	2.14***
Iraq	3.17***	3.14***	2.60***	2.62***
Central & Southern Asia (exc. Afghanistan)	2.35***	2.41***	2.56***	2.61***
Afghanistan	0.75	0.80	0.39	0.43
Other (ref.)
Age	0.03**	0.03**	0.02	0.02
Marital Status
Married (ref.)
Separated/Divorced/Widowed	1.62***	1.63**	0.96*	0.96*
Never Married	−0.45	−0.44	−0.22	−0.22
Education
Primary or Less	−0.17	−0.27	−0.24	−0.20
Preparatory	−0.58	−0.66	−0.76	−0.75
Sector/Trade	−0.09	−0.15	−0.46	−0.46
University Degree (ref.)
Previous Employment
Yes (ref.)
No	0.28	0.27	0.46	0.51
Previous Trauma Experience
Yes			0.92**	0.97**
No (ref.)
Settlement Stressors
Worry about family/friends overseas
Yes			0.03	0.07
No (ref.)
Getting used to life in Australia
Yes			0.70*	0.65*
No (ref.)
Language Barriers
Yes			0.26	0.25
No (ref.)
Discrimination
Yes			0.33	0.38
No (ref.)
Financial situation
Yes			1.64***	1.61***
No (ref.)
House situation
Yes			1.56***	1.54***
No (ref.)
Work situation
Yes			−0.42	−0.40
No (ref.)
Loneliness
Yes			2.41***	2.45***
No (ref.)
Family Safety
Yes			0.16	0.18
No (ref.)
School/Study
Yes			0.62	0.58
No (ref.)
N	2155	2155	2107	2107
R2	0.0860	0.0864	0.1895	0.1924

ISSN: 1752-1505